Qibla · Navarre
Qibla direction in Pamplona
To face the Kaaba in Pamplona, turn to 108.5° measured clockwise from true north, which is east (18.5° south of east). The Sacred Mosque in Mecca lies 4,508 km away along the shortest path over the globe, and this is the direction the mihrabs of the mosques in Pamplona should follow.
Line up the top of your phone or compass with the green needle: it marks 108.5°, the Qibla of Pamplona. Phone compasses usually display true north, so a reading of 108° is all you need; a needle compass reads magnetic north and needs the local declination added or subtracted first.
Find the Qibla with your phone
How to face the Qibla in Pamplona
Stand where you will pray and find north first. Then turn towards east and move a further 18.5° towards south: the result is the bearing of 108.5°. A small error of a few degrees is forgiven by most scholars, but aiming simply at east would leave you about 18° off.
Facing the Qibla is a condition of the prayer. Whoever prays inside the Sacred Mosque faces the Kaaba itself; whoever is far away, as in Pamplona, faces its direction and makes a sincere effort to be accurate. A nearby mosque is a handy reference, because its prayer rows were aligned when it was built. Once you know the direction at home, a discreet mark on the wall saves you from checking again.
Why a flat map shows a different direction
A straight line drawn on a flat (Mercator) map from Pamplona to Mecca points to 121.6° (south-east), 13.1° away from the correct 108.5°. That map line is a rhumb line: it keeps the same compass heading all the way, but it is 30 km longer than the true shortest route. The Qibla follows the great circle, the shortest path on the curved Earth, which is why the bearing differs.
How is the figure of 108.5° obtained? From the coordinates of Pamplona (42.8169° N, 1.6432° W) and of the Kaaba (21.4225° N, 39.8262° E), spherical trigonometry gives the starting bearing of the great circle joining them. Mosque architects and astronomical Qibla tables rely on exactly the same calculation.
Distance from Pamplona to Mecca and Medina
Mecca is 4,508 km from Pamplona as the crow flies, and Medina, the city of the Prophet ﷺ, is 4,273 km away. A direct flight would take roughly 5 h 48 min, although most pilgrims from Pamplona connect through Jeddah or Medina airport.
Clocks in Pamplona run 2 hours behind Mecca in winter and 1 hour behind Mecca in summer, because of daylight saving time. Prayer times, however, depend on the sun at your own location, so always use the prayer times of Pamplona rather than those of Mecca.
Finding the Qibla with the sun in Pamplona
On 241 days of 2027, the sun passes exactly through the Qibla direction of Pamplona while it is well above the horizon. At that moment, facing the sun means facing Mecca. The effect is most frequent in March (31 days); for example, on 1 March 2027 it happens at 08:34 local time.
On 95 days the sun stands exactly opposite the Qibla: then the shadow of any vertical object, a pole, a door frame or a plumb line, points straight towards Mecca. This is most frequent in July (31 days), for instance on 15 May 2027 at 20:30.
| Date | Sun in the Qibla direction (face the sun) | Sun opposite (shadows point to the Qibla) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 January 2027 | — | — |
| 15 January 2027 | — | — |
| 1 February 2027 | — | — |
| 15 February 2027 | — | — |
| 1 March 2027 | 08:34 | — |
| 15 March 2027 | 08:52 | — |
| 1 April 2027 | 10:13 | — |
| 15 April 2027 | 10:30 | — |
| 1 May 2027 | 10:49 | — |
| 15 May 2027 | 11:05 | 20:30 |
| 1 June 2027 | 11:22 | 20:17 |
| 15 June 2027 | 11:30 | 20:13 |
| 1 July 2027 | 11:33 | 20:18 |
| 15 July 2027 | 11:27 | 20:28 |
| 1 August 2027 | 11:11 | 20:45 |
| 15 August 2027 | 10:52 | — |
| 1 September 2027 | 10:24 | — |
| 15 September 2027 | 09:59 | — |
| 1 October 2027 | 09:29 | — |
| 15 October 2027 | 09:04 | — |
| 1 November 2027 | — | — |
| 15 November 2027 | — | — |
| 1 December 2027 | — | — |
| 15 December 2027 | — | — |
Twice a year the sun passes directly over the Kaaba, on 28 May 2027 and 16 July 2027. Both moments are in daylight in Pamplona: at 11:18 and 11:27 local time, face the sun and you face the Qibla exactly, anywhere in the city.
Pamplona compared with other cities
Compared with Madrid, 317 km away, the Qibla in Pamplona is turned 4.5° further clockwise (108.5° against 104.0°), and Mecca is 90 km closer. The nearest city with its own Qibla page, Donostia (61 km), prays towards 108.7°, a difference of 0.2°.
Across the 49 cities in Spain on this site, the Qibla ranges from 84.6° in Santa Cruz de Tenerife to 112.0° in Girona, a spread of 27.4°. That is too large to use one national direction, so each city has its own bearing.
See all cities on the Qibla page for Spain.
Qibla in cities near Pamplona
Qibla in Pamplona: questions and answers
What is the Qibla direction in Pamplona?
It is 108.5° from true north, which is east: 18.5° south of east.
How far is Pamplona from Mecca?
4,508 km in a straight line over the globe, and 4,273 km to Medina.
When does the sun show the Qibla in Pamplona?
On 241 days of 2027 the sun stands in the Qibla direction; the table on this page gives the exact time for the 1st and 15th of each month.
Why is the Qibla in Pamplona not the direction shown on a map?
Flat maps distort directions. The line on a map points to 121.6°, but the shortest route on the globe leaves Pamplona at 108.5°, and that is the Qibla.
Does the Qibla change during the year?
No. The direction of 108.5° is fixed; only the times when the sun lines up with it change from day to day.