12 supplications
Tashahhud, Salawat and Duas of the Sitting
The Sunnah preserves more than one wording for the tashahhud and the salawat, and the Prophet ﷺ taught his Companions supplications for the end of the prayer. Among them are duas in which he heard the greatest name of Allah, by which a request is answered.
Rising from ruku‘: praise filling the heavens
رَبَّنَا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمِلْءَ الْأَرْضِ، وَمِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ، أَهْلَ الثَّنَاءِ وَالْمَجْدِ، أَحَقُّ مَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ، وَكُلُّنَا لَكَ عَبْدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا مَانِعَ لِمَا أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ، وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ
Rabbana lakal-hamdu mil’as-samawati wa mil’al-ard, wa mil’a ma shi’ta min shay’in ba‘d, ahlath-thana’i wal-majd, ahaqqu ma qalal-‘abd, wa kulluna laka ‘abd. Allahumma la mani‘a lima a‘tayt, wa la mu‘tiya lima mana‘t, wa la yanfa‘u dhal-jaddi minkal-jadd.
Our Lord, to You is praise, filling the heavens and the earth and whatever else You will. Lord of praise and glory, the truest thing a servant has said, and we are all Your servants: O Allah, none can withhold what You give, none can give what You withhold, and the wealth of the wealthy cannot avail him against You.
Source: Sahih Muslim
Between the two prostrations
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي، وَارْحَمْنِي، وَاجْبُرْنِي، وَارْزُقْنِي، وَارْفَعْنِي
Rabbighfir li, warhamni, wajburni, warzuqni, warfa‘ni.
My Lord, forgive me, have mercy on me, mend me, provide for me and raise me.
Source: Sunan Ibn Majah; Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi
The tashahhud
التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَالصَّلَوَاتُ وَالطَّيِّبَاتُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salawatu wat-tayyibat, as-salamu ‘alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, as-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadillahis-salihin, ashhadu an la ilaha illallah, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh.
All greetings, prayers and good things are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.
Source: Sahih al-Bukhari; Sahih Muslim
The tashahhud of Ibn ‘Abbas
التَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ، الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ
At-tahiyyatul-mubarakat, as-salawatut-tayyibatu lillah. As-salamu ‘alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, as-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadillahis-salihin. Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah, wa ashhadu anna muhammadan rasulullah.
Blessed greetings and good prayers are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah; peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
Source: Sahih Muslim
The tashahhud taught by ‘Umar
التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ، الزَّاكِيَاتُ لِلَّهِ، الطَّيِّبَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ لِلَّهِ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، السَّلَامُ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ
At-tahiyyatu lillah, az-zakiyatu lillah, at-tayyibatus-salawatu lillah. As-salamu ‘alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, as-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadillahis-salihin. Ashhadu an la ilaha illallah, wa ashhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh.
Greetings are for Allah, pure deeds are for Allah, good words and prayers are for Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah; peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. ‘Umar taught it to people from the pulpit.
Source: al-Muwatta’ of Malik
Salawat: Your servant and Messenger
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدِكَ وَرَسُولِكَ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
Allahumma salli ‘ala muhammadin ‘abdika wa rasulik, kama sallayta ‘ala ibrahim, wa barik ‘ala muhammadin wa ‘ala ali muhammad, kama barakta ‘ala ibrahima wa ‘ala ali ibrahim.
O Allah, send prayers on Muhammad, Your servant and Messenger, as You sent prayers on Ibrahim, and send blessings on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad as You sent blessings on Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim.
Source: Sahih al-Bukhari
Salawat: the unlettered Prophet
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
Allahumma salli ‘ala muhammadinin-nabiyyil-ummiyyi wa ‘ala ali muhammad, kama sallayta ‘ala ibrahima wa ‘ala ali ibrahim, wa barik ‘ala muhammadinin-nabiyyil-ummiyyi wa ‘ala ali muhammad, kama barakta ‘ala ibrahima wa ‘ala ali ibrahim, innaka hamidum-majid.
O Allah, send prayers on Muhammad, the unlettered Prophet, and the family of Muhammad, as You sent prayers on Ibrahim and his family; and send blessings on Muhammad, the unlettered Prophet, and his family, as You sent blessings on Ibrahim and his family; You are Praiseworthy, Glorious.
Source: Sunan Abi Dawud; Musnad Ahmad
Salawat: the short combined form
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَبَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ وَبَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَآلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ
Allahumma salli ‘ala muhammadin wa ‘ala ali muhammad, wa barik ‘ala muhammadin wa ‘ala ali muhammad, kama sallayta wa barakta ‘ala ibrahima wa ali ibrahim, innaka hamidum-majid.
O Allah, send prayers and blessings on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent prayers and blessings on Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim; You are Praiseworthy, Glorious.
Source: Sunan al-Nasa’i
Asking by His oneness
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ يَا اللَّهُ بِأَنَّكَ الْوَاحِدُ الْأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ، الَّذِي لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ، أَنْ تَغْفِرَ لِي ذُنُوبِي، إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ
Allahumma inni as’aluka ya Allahu bi-annakal-wahidul-ahadus-samad, alladhi lam yalid wa lam yulad, wa lam yakun lahu kufuwan ahad, an taghfira li dhunubi, innaka antal-ghafurur-rahim.
O Allah, I ask You, O Allah, as You are the One, the Unique, the Self-Sufficient, who neither begets nor was begotten and to whom none is equal, to forgive my sins; You are the Forgiving, the Merciful. The Prophet ﷺ said: “He has been forgiven.”
Source: Sunan al-Nasa’i; Sunan Abi Dawud
The greatest name: al-Mannan
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ بِأَنَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدَ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ وَحْدَكَ لَا شَرِيكَ لَكَ، الْمَنَّانُ، يَا بَدِيعَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ، يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ، إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْجَنَّةَ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ
Allahumma inni as’aluka bi-anna lakal-hamd, la ilaha illa anta wahdaka la sharika lak, al-mannan, ya badi‘as-samawati wal-ard, ya dhal-jalali wal-ikram, ya hayyu ya qayyum, inni as’alukal-jannah, wa a‘udhu bika minan-nar.
O Allah, I ask You as all praise is Yours, there is no god but You alone without partner, the Bestower, Originator of the heavens and earth, Owner of majesty and honour, the Ever-Living, the Sustainer: I ask You for Paradise and seek refuge in You from the Fire.
Source: Sunan Abi Dawud; Sunan al-Nasa’i; Sunan Ibn Majah
The greatest name: al-Ahad as-Samad
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ أَنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، الْأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ، الَّذِي لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ
Allahumma inni as’aluka anni ashhadu annaka antallah, la ilaha illa ant, al-ahadus-samad, alladhi lam yalid wa lam yulad, wa lam yakun lahu kufuwan ahad.
O Allah, I ask You, bearing witness that You are Allah, there is no god but You, the One, the Self-Sufficient, who neither begets nor was begotten and to whom none is equal.
Source: Sunan Abi Dawud; Jami‘ al-Tirmidhi
Before the salam
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَمِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ، وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ، وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ
Allahumma inni a‘udhu bika min ‘adhabi jahannam, wa min ‘adhabil-qabr, wa min fitnatil-mahya wal-mamat, wa min sharri fitnatil-masihid-dajjal.
O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell, from the punishment of the grave, from the trials of life and death, and from the evil of the trial of the False Messiah.
Source: Sahih Muslim
The greatest name
The Prophet ﷺ heard a man in the tashahhud say “Allahumma inni as’aluka bi-anna lakal-hamd…” and said: “He has called Allah by His greatest name, by which when He is called He answers and when He is asked He gives” (Abu Dawud, an-Nasa’i). Similar words were said about “Allahumma inni as’aluka anni ashhadu…”.
Any authentic form of the tashahhud and salawat is valid; using different ones at different times follows the Sunnah and keeps their meaning alive.
Tashahhud, Salawat and Duas of the Sitting: questions and answers
Which tashahhud is best?
That of Ibn Mas‘ud is the most widely used; those of Ibn ‘Abbas and ‘Umar are also authentic and valid.
Is the salawat obligatory in the final sitting?
Many scholars consider it obligatory or a strongly emphasised Sunnah; it should not be omitted.